Promouvoir le droit des enfants à la migration au Canada : évaluer les droits participatifs des enfants non accompagnés dans le cadre de leur demande d'asile
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41503Mots-clés :
children's rights, children's participation, the Lundy Model, unaccompanied minors, Canadian Border Services Agency, Immigration and Refugee Board of CanadaRésumé
Cet article applique le modèle de Laura Lundy pour la participation des enfants afin de mener un examen critique des droits de participation des enfants non accompagnés lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à l’Agence des services frontaliers du Canada (ASFC) et à la Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié (CISR) du Canada. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que, bien que la CISR mette en oeuvre davantage de mesures adaptées aux enfants que l’ASFC, chaque institution doit combler d’importantes lacunes en matière de droits de l’enfant afin de garantir spécifiquement les droits de participation des enfants non accompagnés tout au long de leur processus de demande d’asile au Canada.
Statistiques
Références
Agamben, G. (2005). State of exception. University of Chicago Press.
Arendt, H. (1967). The origins of totalitarianism. Allen & Unwin.
Bhabha, J. (2007). Un “vide juridique”?—Migrant children: The rights and wrongs. In C. Bellamy & J. Zermatten (Eds.), Realizing the rights of the child (pp. 206–219). Rüffer & Rub.
Bhabha, J., & Young, W. (1999). Not adults in miniature: Unaccompanied child asylum seekers and the new U.S. guidelines. International Journal of Refugee Law, 11(1), 84–125. https://doi-org.proxy1.lib.trentu.ca/10.1093/ijrl/11.1.84
Christensen, P., & James, A. (2008). Introduction: Researching children and childhood cultures of communication. In P. Christensen & A. James (Eds.), Research with children: Perspectives and practices (pp. 1–15). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203964576
Collins, T. M. (2024). Children’s rights in professional practices with children and youth. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802202359
Committee on the Rights of the Children. (2013, May 29). General comment no. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para. 1)*. United Nations. https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/gc/crc_c_gc_14_eng.pdf
Council on Foreign Relations. (2024, October 19). Migration today. https://education.cfr.org/learn/reading/migration-today
Crock, M. E. (2013). Of relative rights and putative children: Rethinking the critical framework for the protection of refugee children and youth. Australian International Law Journal, 20, 33–53. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2368079
Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4)), 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789
Gharabaghi, K. (2022). Research and the field of child and youth care: An invitation. Canadian Scholars.
Hanson, K., & Nieuwenhuys, O. (2012). Living rights, social justice, translations. In K. Hanson & O. Nieuwenhuys (Eds.), Reconceptualizing children’s rights in international development: Living rights, social justice, translations (pp. 3–26). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139381796
Hart, J. (2008).Children’s participation and international development: Attending to the political. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 16(3), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181808X311231
Hoffman, S., & Stern, R. T. (2020). Incorporation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in national law. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 28(1), 133–156. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02801001
Holzscheiter, A. (2010) Children’s rights in international politics: The transformative power of discourse. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230281646
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. (1996, September 30). Guideline 3—Child refugee claimants: Procedural and evidentiary issues. https://www.refworld.org/policy/legalguidance/irbc/1996/en/13531
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. (2024, May 15). Refugee claim statistics. https://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/statistics/protection/Pages/index.aspx
James, A., & Prout, A. (1990). Constructing and reconstructing childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. Falmer Press.
Kanics, J. (2016). Challenges and progress in ensuring the right to be heard and the best interests of children seeking international protection. Refuge:Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 32(3), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40341
Lundy, L. (2007). “Voice” is not enough: Conceptualising article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 927–942. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920701657033
Pobjoy, J. (2017). The child in international refugee law. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316798430
Sadoway, G. (2018). Protection measures for unaccompanied child migrants in Canada. In M. Crock and L. B. Benson (Eds.), Protecting migrant children: In search of best practice (pp. 299–318). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786430267.00026
Tasker, J. P. (2024, November 22). Feds want $411 million to cover refugee health care as the number of new arrivals soar. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/refugee-health-care-costs-sevenfold-increase-1.7389847
UNHCR. (2009, December). Guidelines on international protection no. 8: Child asylum claims under articles 1(A)2 and 1(F) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. United Nations. https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-international-protection-no-8-child-asylum-claims-under-articles-1-2-and-1-f-1951
UNHCR. (n.d.). About UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr
UNHCR. (1997, February 1). Guidelines on policies and procedures in dealing with unaccompanied children seeking asylum. https://www.unhcr.org/media/guidelines-policies-and-procedures-dealing-unaccompanied-children-seeking-asylum
UNICEF. (n.d.). Convention on the rights of the child: For every child, every right. https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1989, November 20). Convention on the rights of the child. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child
United Nations Treaty Collection. (n.d.a). 5. Protocol relating to the status of refugees. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=V-5&chapter=5&clang=_en
United Nations Treaty Collection. (n.d.b). 11. Convention on the rights of the child. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&clang=_en
Wyness, M. (2013). Children’s participation and intergenerational dialogue: Bringing adults back into the analysis. Childhood, 20(4), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568212459775
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Dustin Ciufo 2025
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Les auteurs qui publient dans Refuge conservent le droit d’auteur associé à leur œuvre, et octroient au public une licence Creative Commons Attribution - Utilisation non commerciale 4.0 International. La licence permet l’utilisation, la reproduction et l’adaptation du matériel avec attribution par tous moyens et sous tous formats pour des fins non commerciales. Pour des informations générales sur les licences Creative Commons, visitez le site Creative Commons. Pour la licence CC BY-NC 4.0, consultez le résumé lisible par l'homme.
