This is an outdated version published on 2021-04-18. Read the most recent version.

Volunteer Mentor Experiences of Mentoring Forced Migrants in the United Kingdom

Authors

  • Iona Tynewydd Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales
  • Joanna Semlyen Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-1344
  • Sophie North University of East Anglia, UK
  • Imogen Rushworth Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40708

Keywords:

volunteers, mentorship, forced migrants, PTSD, United Kingdom, phenomenological analysis

Abstract

Research demonstrates the complex nature of supporting forced migrant populations; however, there is almost no research on volunteer experience of supporting forced migrants. This study explored the experiences of volunteer mentors in the United Kingdom. Eight participants were recruited from a single charitable organization. Data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four superordinate themes emerged: “paralyzed by responsibility and powerlessness”; “weighty emotional fallout”; “navigating murky boundaries”; and “enriched with hope, joy, and inspiration.” Participants experienced a range of emotions as a result of their mentoring: from distress to inspiration. Findings suggest that focusing on achievable changes helps mentors. The mentoring relationship is hugely important to mentors but also requires careful navigation. The findings suggest that, whilst it is a fulfilling experience, support is required for volunteers mentoring forced migrants. The relative strengths and limitations of the study are considered. Theoretical implications and suggestions for organizations, clinical applications, and future research are provided.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Iona Tynewydd, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales

Iona Tynewydd is a senior clinical psychologist at Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. She can be reached at iona.tynewydd@wales.nhs.uk.

 

Joanna Semlyen, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia

Joanna Semlyen is a psychologist and senior lecturer at Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia. She can be reached at j.semlyen@uea.ac.uk.

Sophie North, University of East Anglia, UK

Sophie North is a lecturer at the University of East Anglia. She can be reached at S.North1@uea.ac.uk.

Imogen Rushworth, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich

Imogen Rushworth is a clinical associate professor in clinical psychology at Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich. She can be reached at i.rushworth@uea.ac.uk.

 

References

Apostolidou, Z. (2016a). Constructions of emotional impact, risk and meaning among practitioners working with asylum seekers and refugees. Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 16(4), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12087 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12087

Apostolidou, Z. (2016b). The notion of professional identity among practitioners working with asylum seekers: A discursive analysis of practitioners’ experience of clinical supervision and working context in work with asylum seekers. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 18(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2015.1130073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2015.1130073

Arnold, D., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R., & Cann, A. (2005). Vicarious posttraumatic growth in psychotherapy. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45(2), 239–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167805274729 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167805274729

Barrington, A. J., & Shakespeare-Finch, J. (2013). Working with refugee survivors of torture and trauma: An opportunity for vicarious post-traumatic growth. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 26(1), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2012.727553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2012.727553

Barrington, A. J., & Shakespeare-Finch, J. (2014). Giving voice to service providers who work with survivors of torture and trauma. Qualitative Health Research, 24(12), 1686–1699. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732314549023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732314549023

Behnia, B. (2007). An exploratory study of befriending programs with refugees. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 5(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1300/J500v05n03_01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J500v05n03_01

Bradshaw, T., Butterworth, A., & Mairs, H. (2007). Does structured clinical supervision during psychosocial intervention education enhance outcome for mental health nurses and the service users they work with? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 14(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01021.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01021.x

British Psychological Society (BPS). (2014). Code of human research ethics. Retrieved from https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/bps.org.uk/files/Policy/Policy-Files/BPSCodeofHumanResearchEthics.pdf

Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.

Century, G., Leavey, G., & Payne, H. (2007). The experience of working with refugees: Counsellors in primary care. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 35(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880601106765 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880601106765

Edwards, D., Burnard, P., Coyle, D., Fothergill, A., & Hannigan, B. (2000). Stress and burnout in community mental health nursing: A review of the literature. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 7(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.2000.00258.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.2000.00258.x

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0

Ellis, B. H., Kia-Keating, M., Yusuf, S. A., Lincoln, A., & Nur, A. (2007). Ethical research in refugee communities and the use of community participatory methods. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(3), 459–481. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1363461507081642 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461507081642

Fazel, M., Wheeler, J., & Danesh, J. (2005). Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: A systematic review. The Lancet, 365(9467), 1309–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61027-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61027-6

Fell, B., & Fell, P. (2014). Welfare across borders: A social work process with adult asylum seekers. British Journal of Social Work, 44(5), 1322–1339. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct003

Gilbert, T. (2001). Reflective practice and clinical supervision: Meticulous rituals of the confessional. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01960.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01960.x

Guhan, R., & Liebling-Kalifani, H. (2011). The experiences of staff working with refugees and asylum seekers in the United Kingdom: A grounded theory exploration. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 9(3), 205–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2011.592804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2011.592804

Hernandez-Wolfe, P., Killian, K., Engstrom, D., & Gangsei, D. (2015). Vicarious resilience, vicarious trauma, and awareness of equity in trauma work. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 55(2), 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022167814534322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167814534322

Hoad, P. (2002). Drawing the line: The boundaries of volunteering in the community care of older people. Health and Social Care in the Community, 10(4), 239–246. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.13652524.2002.0036.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.2002.00361.x

Jones, C., & Williamson, A. (2014). Volunteers working to support migrants in Glasgow: A qualitative study. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 10(4), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-10-2013-0034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-10-2013-0034

Kearney, M. K., Weininger, R. B., Vachon, M. L. S., Harrison, R. L., & Mount, B. M. (2009). Self-care of physicians caring for patients at the end of life. Journal of the American Medical Association, 301(11), 1155. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.352

Ludick, M., & Figley, C. R. (2017). Toward a mechanism for secondary trauma induction and reduction: Reimagining a theory of secondary traumatic stress. Traumatology, 23(1), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000096 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000096

Lusk, M., & Terrazas, S. (2015). Secondary trauma among caregivers who work with Mexican and Central American refugees. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 37(2), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986315578842 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986315578842

Morgan, G., Melluish, S., & Welham, A. (2017). Exploring the relationship between postmigratory stressors and mental health for asylum seekers and refused asylum seekers in the UK. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54(5–6), 653–674. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461517737188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461517737188

Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Klaschik, C., Karunakara, U., & Elbert, T. (2004). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation

for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.579 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.4.579

Pietkiewicz, I., & Smith, J. A. (2014). A practical guide to using interpretative phenomenological analysis in qualitative research psychology. Czasopismo Psychologiczne– Psychological Journal. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263767248_A_practical_guide_to_using_Interpretative_Phenomenological_Analysis_in_qualitative_research_psychology

Ragins, B. R., Cotton, J. L., & Miller, J. S. (2000). Marginal mentoring: The effects of type of mentor, quality of relationship, and program design on work and career attitudes. Academy of Management Journal, 43(6), 1177– 1194. https://doi.org/10.5465/1556344 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/1556344

Robertshaw, L., Dhesi, S., & Jones, L. L. (2017). Challenges and facilitators for health professionals providing primary healthcare for refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research. BMJ Open, 7(8), e015981. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2017-015981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015981

Rosbrook, B., & Schweitzer, R. D. (2010). The meaning of home for Karen and Chin refugees from Burma: An interpretative phenomenological approach. European Journal of Psychotherapy, 12, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2010.488876 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2010.488876

Schweitzer R. D., & Steele, Z. (2008). Researching refugees: Methodological and ethical considerations. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Doing cross-cultural research: Ethical and methodological considerations (pp. 87–102). Springer.

Schweitzer, R., van Wyk, S., & Murray, K. (2015). Therapeutic practice with refugee clients: A qualitative study of therapist experience. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 15(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12018

Shinebourne, P. (2011). The theoretical underpinnings of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Existential Analysis, 22(1), 16–31.

Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method, and research. SAGE Publications.

Splevins, K. A., Cohen, K., Joseph, S., Murray, C., & Bowley, J. (2010). Vicarious posttraumatic growth among interpreters. Qualitative Health Research, 20(12), 1705–1716. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310377457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732310377457

Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02103658 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02103658

Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. Open University Press.

Wren, K. (2007). Supporting asylum seekers and refugees in Glasgow: The role of multi-agency networks. Journal of Refugee Studies, 20(3), 391–413. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fem006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fem006

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2021-04-18

Versions

How to Cite

Tynewydd, I., Semlyen, J., North, S., & Rushworth, I. (2021). Volunteer Mentor Experiences of Mentoring Forced Migrants in the United Kingdom. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 37(1), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40708

Similar Articles

<< < 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.