Middle East and Southeast Asian Refugees in Canada and Finland: Case Studies in "Mature" and in "Incipient" Multiculturalism

Authors

  • Kathleen Valtonen University of Turku

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.22005

Keywords:

Toronto, Canada, Finland, Middle Eastern refugees, resettlement, integration, societal participation, employment

Abstract

In this article a case study of resettling Middle Eastern and South Asian refugees in the Metropolitan Toronto area is presented and juxtaposed with a parallel study conducted in Finland. The main strategies for labour market participation in Canada were education, "volunteering" and networking activity. The agency principle was pronounced. Interethnic accord is evident at individual level, while at the group level of collaboration it is more elusive. The large size of the communities and Canadian multicultural policy allows for a decentralized style of intra-community activism, but in Finland, the mode of issue-focused civil and political activism across groups could enhance participation of small communities.

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Published

1999-02-01

How to Cite

Valtonen, K. (1999). Middle East and Southeast Asian Refugees in Canada and Finland: Case Studies in "Mature" and in "Incipient" Multiculturalism. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 18(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.22005

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