'Small Gold Mine of Talent': Integrating Prague Spring Refugee Professionals in Canada, 1968-1969
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40660Mots-clés :
Canada, Immigration, Prague Spring Refugees, Czechs, Slovaks, Resettlement, Integration.Résumé
Suite à l’invasion menée par l’Union soviétique en Tchécoslovaquie en août 1968, 11 200 réfugiés du Printemps de Prague ont été relocalisés au Canada. Ce mouvement comprenait plusieurs professionnels expérimentés et ouvriers qualifiés. Cet article examine comment ces réfugiés ont composé avec la formation linguistique et les obstacles à l’emploi, y compris l’accréditation professionnelle, et examine comment cette expérience a façonné la vision bureaucratique et publique de l’intégration des réfugiés. Cet article se concentre principalement sur les efforts de réinstallation et d’intégration en Ontario, étant donné qu’environ la moitié des réfugiés du Printemps de Prague ont été réinstallés de façon permanente dans la province. Cet article décrit comment, dans le cadre de leurs efforts pour favoriser l’intégration économique et sociale des réfugiés, les autorités canadiennes leur ont fourni une aide au transport, un hébergement initial, de l’aide pour obtenir un emploi au Canada et une formation linguistique en anglais ou en français. Les réfugiés du Printemps de Prague ont été confrontés à des obstacles professionnels, notamment en ce qui concerne l’accréditation de leurs diplômes étrangers et le sous-emploi dans leurs domaines respectifs. Le succès de leur relocalisation et de leur intégration reposait sur la coopération intergouvernementale entre le Canada et ses provinces et sur le soutien apporté par les communautés tchèques et slovaques locales à travers le pays.
Statistiques
Références
Canada. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. (1959). Canada year book 1959. Minister of Trade and Commerce.
Canada. Employment and Immigration Canada. (1982). Indochinese refugees: The Canadian response, 1979 and 1980. Employment and Immigration Canada.
Canada. Parliament. (1969). House of Commons debates: Official report, first session -twenty eighth Parliament, vol ume 1. Queen’s Printer for Canada.
Canada. Parliament. (1970). House of Commons debates: Official report, second session—twenty eight Parliament, volume 1. Queen’s Printer for Canada.
Canada. Privy Council Office. (1968, September 5). Czechoslovak refugees, item 4431, file Cabinet Conclusions, vol. 6338, Privy Council Office fonds, RG 2, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Canada. Privy Council Office. (1968, October 3). Assistance to Czechoslovak refugee students and other Czechoslovak refugees from special Czechoslovak Refugee Fund, item 4528, file Cabinet Conclusions, vol. 6338, Privy Council Office fonds, RG 2, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Colombo, D. R. (1968, September 17). Memo to R. Welch, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Colombo, D. R. (1969, February 11). Memo to J. S. Yoerger, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Couillard, L. E. (1968, October 10). Memo to A. MacEachen, file 568-3-23, part 4, reel C-10688, vol. 691, Immigration Branch fonds, RG 76, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Curry, R. B. (1968, October 15). Memo to A. MacEachen, file 20-Czech-1-4, part 3, vol. 8948, Department of External Affairs fonds, RG 25, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Curry, R. B. (1968, October 16). Memo to A. MacEachen, file 568-3-23, part 4, reel C-10688, vol. 691, Immigration Branch fonds, RG 76, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Dirks, G. (1977). Canada’s refugee policy: Indifference or opportunism? McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Gellner, J., & Smerek, J. (1968). The Czechs and Slovaks in Canada. University of Toronto Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487595722
Globe and Mail. (1968, October 21). Tests urged to evaluate Czech dentists.
Globe and Mail. (1968, October 23). Review of rules set for Czech dentists.
Globe and Mail. (1968, October 24). 7,000 refugees seek Canadian visas with no sign of a letup.
Globe and Mail. (1968, November 13). Czech dentists offered test in Ontario.
Globe and Mail. (1969, January 4). Haven granted to 10,000, Czech program to end.
Griffith, A. (2017). Telling the integration story. CIHS Bulletin: The Newsletter of the Canadian Immigration Historical Society 83, 5–6. http://cihs-shic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Bulletin-83-Final.pdf
Hawkins, F. (1988). Canada and immigration: Public policy and public concern. McGill-Queen’s University Press. Head of Immigration Secretariat (1968, October 10). Letter to J. Bissett, file 568-3-23, part 4, reel C-10688, vol. 691, Immigration Branch fonds, RG 76, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Heatley, R. (1975). Czechoslovakian refugee study: A report on the three-year study of the economic and social adaptation of Czechoslovakian refugees to life in Canada, 1968–1969 to 1971–1972. Manpower and Immigration Canada.
Hicks, W. (1969). Toronto’s Czechs: How successfully they have settled in. Toronto Life 3(5), 42–45, 75.
Holborn, L. (1975). Refugees: A problem of our time: The work of the United Nations high commissioner for refugees, 1951–1972. Scarecrow Press.
Kelley, N., & Trebilcock, M. (2010). The making of the mosaic: A history of Canadian immigration policy. University of Toronto Press.
Lind, L. (1969, May 26). Czechs fail dentist’s test for Ontario. Globe and Mail.
Madokoro, L. (2009). Good material: Canada and the Prague Spring refugees. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 26(1), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.30618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.30618
Molloy, M. J. (2012, October 3). Molloy: Reflecting on the Ugandan refugee movement. Western News. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40448
Molloy, M. J., & Madokoro, L. (2017). Effecting change: Civil servants and refugee policy in 1970s Canada. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 33(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40448
Petříček, R. (1970, January 12). Letter to W. J. Copeman, file 13, vol. 14, Czechoslovak National Association of Canada fonds, MG 28-V111, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Raska, J. (2016). Humanitarian gesture: Canada and the Tibetan resettlement program, 1971–5. Canadian Historical Review, 97(4), 546–575. https://doi.org/10.3138/chr.raska DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/chr.Raska
Raska, J. (2018). Czech refugees in Cold War Canada, 1945– 1989. University of Manitoba Press.
St. Thomas Times-Journal. (1969). St. Thomas-Elgin General Hospital—Czech doctors on hospital internships [photograph].
Troper, H. (1993). Canadian immigration policy since 1945. International Journal, 48(2), 255–281. https://doi.org/10.2307/40202881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40202881
Unknown [redacted]. (1968, October 8). Letter to D. Bales, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Welch, R. (1968, October 30). Memo to J. P. Robarts, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario.
Welch, R. (1968, November 1). Letter to Unknown (redacted), file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Welch, R. (1968, November 19). Memo to J. Yaremko, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098,
RG 8-5, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Whalen, P. (1968, September 16). 203 from Czechoslovakia combine joy and sorrow. Globe and Mail.
Yoerger, J. S. (1968, October 18). Memo to R. Welch, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Yoerger, J. S. (1968, October 21). Memo to R. Welch, file Citizenship—Czech and Slovak Refugees, barcode B229098, Department of the Provincial Secretary and Citizenship fonds, RG 8-5, Archives of Ontario, Toronto.
Ziegler, E. (1972, November 7). Czechoslovakian refugees: Students, summary (D2014.103.1), Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Versions
- 2021-04-18 (3)
- 2021-04-18 (1)
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 2021
![Licence Creative Commons](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Les auteurs qui publient dans Refuge conservent le droit d’auteur associé à leur œuvre, et octroient au public une licence Creative Commons Attribution - Utilisation non commerciale 4.0 International. La licence permet l’utilisation, la reproduction et l’adaptation du matériel avec attribution par tous moyens et sous tous formats pour des fins non commerciales. Pour des informations générales sur les licences Creative Commons, visitez le site Creative Commons. Pour la licence CC BY-NC 4.0, consultez le résumé lisible par l'homme.