Balancing Resettlement, Protection and Rapport on the Frontline: Delivering the Resettlement Assistance Program during COVID-19

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40847

Keywords:

Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP), government-assisted refugees (GARS), resettlement, COVID-19, intersectionality, remote services

Abstract

Drawing on my experience as a general counsellor in the Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP), I explore the impact COVID-19 has had on the initial resettlement services provided for government-assisted refugees (GARs) and on frontline workers in the field. Balancing the requirement to enforce protection measures and the need to establish rapport was one of the major challenges the pandemic posed to GAR support practices. To unpack the particularities of this challenge, I give the example of two resettlement services GARs receive upon arrival: namely, resettlement orientations and children’s education. I argue that using an intersectional lens demonstrates the pandemic’s unequal effects and how they exacerbate the vulnerabilities of GARs embarking on their resettlement journey. I hold that developing COVID-19 responses informed by intersectionality opens a space for services and policies that mitigate these effects.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Saba Abbas, COSTI Immigrant Services

Saba Abbas is the General Manager of Research and Quality Assurance at COSTI Immigrant Services. She can be reached at saba.abbas@costi.org or saba.a.abbas@gmail.com.

References

Ahmed, S. (2000). Strange encounters: Embodied others in post-coloniality. Routledge.

Al-Astrabadi, Z. (2021, February 16–17). Best practices for the delivery of RAP services during the pandemic and how to better support clients in self-isolation [Conference presentation]. Canadian Resettlement Conference, online.

Bronstein, I., Nelson, N., Livnat, Z., & Ben-Ari, R. (2012). Rapport in negotiation: The contribution of the verbal channel. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 56(6), 1089–1115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002712448913

Campana, M. (2020a, May 2). Short- and long-term supports for agencies during and after COVID-19. Marco Campana. https://marcopolis.org/blog/2020/05/02/short-and-long-term-supports-for-agencies-during-and-after-covid-19/

Campana, M. (Host). (2020b, June 17). TiHS episode 18: Lawrence Murphy—The future of online counselling is now (No. 18) [Audio podcast episode]. In Technology in human services (TiHS) podcast. https://marcopolis.org/blog/2020/06/17/tihs-episode-18-lawrence-murphy-the-future-of-online-counselling-is-now/

Christie, G., & Ballot, H. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on refugees and refugee-assisting organisations in Scotland. Scottish Refugee Council. https://www.scottishrefugeecouncil.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Covid-impact-survey.pdf

Collins, P. H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Unwin Hyman.

Collins, P. H. (2015). Intersectionality’s definitional dilemmas. Annual Review of Sociology, 41, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112142

Combahee River Collective. (1983). Combahee river collective statement. In B. Smith (Ed.), Home girls: A Black feminist anthology (pp. 264–274). Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press.

COSTI. (2021). 2020–2021 annual report. https://costiannualreport.ca/

COSTI Ralph Chiodo Family Immigrant Reception Centre. (2020, March). Resettlement assistance program: Service provider narrative report of March 2020 [Unpublished report].

Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), Article 8. http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8

Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039

Csordas, T. J. (1990). Embodiment as a paradigm for anthropology. Ethos, 18(1), 5–47. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1990.18.1.02a00010https://www.jstor.org/stable/640395

Csordas, T. J. (1994). Introduction: The body as representation and being-in-the-world. In T. J. Csordas (Ed.), Embodiment and experience: The existential ground of culture and self (pp. 1–24). Cambridge University Press.

DeClerq, K. (2020, March 30). Ontario closes all playgrounds, sports facilities and off-leash dog parks. CTV News. https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/ontario-closes-all-playgrounds-sports-facilities-and-off-leash-dog-parks-1.4875261

Dempster, H., Ginn, T., Graham, J., Guerrero Ble, M., Jayasinghe, D., & Shorey, B. (2020). Locked down and left behind: The impact of COVID-19 on refugees’ economic inclusion. Centre for Global Development, Refugees International, and International Rescue Committee. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/locked-down-and-left-behind-paper-71320.pdf

Dewis, G. (2020, June 9). Access and use of parks and green spaces: The potential impact of COVID-19 on Canadian households. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/45-28-0001/2020001/article/00031-eng.htm

Esses, V., McRae, J., Alboim, N., Brown, N., Friesen, C., Hamilton, L., Lacassagne, A., Macklin, A., & Walton-Roberts, M. (2021, March). Supporting Canada’s COVID-19 resilience and recovery through robust immigration policy and programs: An RSC policy briefing. Royal Society of Canada. https://rsc-src.ca/sites/default/files/Immigration%20PB_EN.pdf

Flood, C. M., MacDonnell, V., Philpott, J., Thériault, S., & Venkatapuram, S. (Eds.) (2020). Vulnerable: The law, policy and ethics of COVID-19. University of Ottawa Press. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/40726/4/9780776636429_WEB.pdf

Fraser, N. (2003). Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds.), Redistribution or recognition? A political-philosophical exchange (pp. 7–88). Verso.

Geisler, S. (2020, May 4). What does it mean to “walk with refugees” during COVID-19? Reception House Waterloo Region. https://receptionhouse.ca/refugee-mental-health/

González, J. (2020, April 16). Park closures have unequal costs: As we limit outdoor access, consider the impact on underrepresented communities. High Country News. https://www.hcn.org/issues/52.6/covid19-park-closures-have-unequal-costs

Government of Canada. (2017, January 29). Map of destination communities and service provider organizations. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/refugees/welcome-syrian-refugees/destination-communities-map.html

Government of Canada. (2021). Canada—Admissions of permanent residents by province/territory of intended destination and immigration category, January 2015–April 2021. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/f7e5498e-0ad8-4417-85c9-9b8aff9b9eda/resource/5582034d-8f89-49d5-8597-483d628078a1?inner_span=True

Hankivsky, O., & Mussell, L. (2018). Gender-based analysis plus in Canada: Problems and possibilities of integrating intersectionality. Canadian Public Policy/Analyse De Politiques, 44(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2017-058

Hayes, J. C. (2018). Upon the walls of the UN camp: Situated intersectionality, trajectories of belonging, and built environment among Syrian refugees in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The Journal of Intersectionality, 2(2), 6159–1023. https://doi.org/10.13169/jinte.2.2.0059

Helou, J. (2021, February 16–17). Best practices for the delivery of RAP services during the pandemic and how to better support clients in self-isolation [Conference presentation]. Canadian Resettlement Conference, online.

Hoagland, N., & Randrianarisoa, A. (2021). Locked down and left out? Why access to basic services for migrants is critical to our COVID-19 response and recovery. Red Cross Red Crescent Global Migration Lab. https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/EN-RCRC-Global-Migration-Lab-Locked-down-left-out-COVID19.pdf

Immigrant Services Society of British Columbia. (n.d). Digital literacy curriculum resource: Acknowledgements and background to development. https://digital-literacy.issbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/DLCR-Acknowledgements.pdf

Immigrant Services Society of British Columbia. (2020a, May 4). ISS of BC launches resources to help newcomers overcome digital literacy barriers. ISS of BC Blog. https://issbc.org/blog/33457

Immigrant Services Society of British Columbia. (2020b, November 16). Return-to-workplace safety plan. https://issbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Safety-Plan-November-16-2020-web.pdf

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. (2019). Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP) service provider handbook. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/ircc/documents/pdf/english/corporate/publications-manuals/resettlement-assistance-program-handbook/rap-service-provider-handbook-2019.pdf

International Organization for Migration. (2020). The power of digitalization in the age of physical distancing: Strengthening social connections and community cohesion through the digital inclusion and connectivity of migrants. https://www.iom.int/sites/default/files/documents/disc_digest_4th_edition_digitalization_and_migrant_inclusion_final.pdf

Johnstone, H. (2020, April 9). Refugee advocates beseech bylaw to “warn and inform” after man handed $880 fine. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/syrian-man-ottawa-park-bylaw-1.5526286

Kyriakides, C., McLluhan, A., Anderson, K., Bajjali, L., & Elgendy, N. (2019). (Mis)trusted contact: Resettlement knowledge assets and the third space of refugee reception. Refuge: Canada’s Journal of Refugees, 35(2), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.7202/1064817ar

Lang, H. (2020, July 15). COVID-19 and the other one percent: An agenda for the forcibly displaced six months into the emergency. Refugees International. https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2020/7/14/covid-19-and-the-other-one-percent-an-agenda-for-the-forcibly-displaced-six-months-into-the-pandemic?utm_source=RRN

Lee, E., & Brotman, S. (2013). SPEAK OUT! structural intersectionality and anti-oppressive practice with LGBTQ refugees in Canada. Canadian Social Work Review/Revue Canadienne De Service Social, 30(2), 157–183. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43486768

Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Crossing Press.

May, V. M. (2014). “Speaking into the void?” Intersectionality critiques and epistemic backlash. Hypatia, 29(1), 94–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12060

Ministère de L’Immigration, de la Francisation et de l’Intégration. (2020). Programme réussir l’intégration. https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/immigration/publications-adm/programme/PG_reussir_integration_MIDI.pdf

Multicultural Association of Fredericton Inc. (2021, March 11). COVID-19 operational plan. https://mcaf.nb.ca/wp-content/uploads/MCAF-COVID-19-OP-Mar2021.pdf

National Settlement and Integration Council. (2020a, March 20). National Settlement and Integration Council (NSIC) teleconference, Friday, March 20, 2020. https://araisa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/March-20-2020-Teleconference-COVID-19-and-CFP-2019-Updates-NOTES-EN.pdf

National Settlement and Integration Council. (2020b, March 26). National Settlement and Integration Council (NSIC) teleconference, Thursday, March 26, 2020. https://araisa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/March-26-2020-Teleconference-COVID-19-Resettlement-and-CFP-2019-Update_NOTES_EN.pdf

Penny, S. (1993). Virtual bodybuilding: Cultural context of virtual reality. Media Information Australia, (69), 17–22. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/ielapa.940100170

Reinharz, S. (1992). Feminist methods in social research. Oxford University Press.

Rose, D., & Charrette, A. G. (2020). Accommodating government-assisted Syrian refugee newcomers: The experiences of resettlement assistance program providers. In L. Hamilton, L. Veronis, & M. Walton-Roberts (Eds), A national project: Syrian refugee resettlement in Canada (pp.195–217). McGill-Queen’s University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv176ktst.15

Selmeczki, R., & Ghaly, C. (2020, December 17). Refugee settlement in the age of COVID-19: Embracing the challenges to futureproof support services. University of New South Wales, Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law. https://www.kaldorcentre.unsw.edu.au/publication/refugee-settlement-age-covid-19-embracing-challenges-futureproof-support-services

Settlement Council of Australia. (2020, December). Supporting the digital inclusion of new migrants and refugees. Settlement Council of Australia and Good Things Foundation Australia. https://scoa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Supporting-the-digital-inclusion-of-new-migrants-and-refugees.pdf

Shields, J., & Abu Alrob, Z. (2020, July). COVID-19, migration and the Canadian Immigration System: Dimensions, impact and resilience. York University, Building Migrant Resilience in Cities research partnership. https://km4s.ca/wp-content/uploads/COVID-19-Migration-and-the-Canadian-Immigration-System-Dimensions-Impact-and-Resilience-2020.pdf

Stone, A. R. (1992). Will the real body please stand up?: Boundary stories about virtual cultures. In M. Benedikt (Ed.), Cyberspace: First steps (pp. 81–118). MIT Press.

Taha, D. (2019). Intersectionality and other critical approaches in refugee research: An annotated bibliography (Local Engagement Refugee Research Network Paper No. 3). https://carleton.ca/lerrn/wp-content/uploads/Intersectionality-and-Other-Critical-Approaches-in-Refugee-Research.pdf

Teotonio, I., & Rushowy, K. (2020, April 17). School boards work around clock to get laptops, iPads, devices to students. Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2020/04/17/school-boards-work-around-the-clock-to-get-laptops-ipads-and-other-devices-to-students.html

Tickle-Degnen, L., & Rosenthal, R. (1990). The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates. Phycological Inquiry, 1(4), 285–293. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0104_1

United Nations. (2020a, March 17). COVID-19: Agencies temporarily suspend refugee resettlement travel. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1059602

United Nations. (2020b, June). Report of the secretary-general: Roadmap for digital cooperation. https://www.un.org/en/content/digital-cooperation-roadmap/assets/pdf/Roadmap_for_Digital_Cooperation_EN.pdf

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (1951). Convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/protection/basic/3b66c2aa10/convention-protocol-relating-status-refugees.html

Walter, A. (2020). Establishing intimacy through mobile phone connections. In P. Schorch, M. Saxer, & M. Elders (Eds.), Exploring materiality and connectivity in anthropology and beyond (pp. 135–142). UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13xpsp9.14

Published

2022-04-29

How to Cite

Abbas, S. (2022). Balancing Resettlement, Protection and Rapport on the Frontline: Delivering the Resettlement Assistance Program during COVID-19. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 38(1), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40847

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.