Religion as a Resource? The Impact of Religiosity on the Sense of Purpose in Life of Young Muslim Refugees in Germany

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41258

Keywords:

adolescents, refugees, immigration, religiosity, Islam, meaning of life, purpose in life

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between religiosity and purpose in life among young Muslim refugees (n = 222; Mage = 20.18 years) in Germany, a topic little explored to date. Consistent with previous research, respondents felt a moderate but positive sense of purpose in life, which was fostered by religiosity. Regression analysis demonstrated that even after controlling for physical health and social support, religiosity remained a substantial predictor of purpose in life; its effect size did not differ significantly from the other two variables in the model. The findings emphasize the importance of religiosity and social support for young Muslim refugees’ well-being.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Daniel Engel, Department of Catholic Theology, University of Siegen, Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Daniel Engel is a Research Assistant at the Chair of Practical Theology and Religious Education in the Department of Catholic Theology at the University of Siegen. He can be reached at daniel.engel@uni-siegen.de.

Marcus Penthin, Department of Didactics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany

Marcus Penthin is a Research Assistant at the Chair of Religious Education and Didactics of Protestant Religious Education in the Department of Didactics at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. He can be reached at marcus.penthin@fau.de.

Manfred Pirner, Department of Didactics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bavaria, Germany

Manfred Pirner is a Chair and an Ordinary Professor of Religious Education in the Department of Didactics at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. He can be reached at manfred.pirner@fau.de.

Ulrich Riegel, Department of Catholic Theology, University of Siegen, Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Ulrich Riegel is a Professor of Catholic Theology, Practical Theology and Religious Education in the Department of Catholic Theology at the University of Siegen. He can be reached at ulrich.riegel@uni-siegen.de.

References

Abraham, R., Leonhardt, M., Lien, L., Hanssen, I., Hauff, E., & Thapa, S. B. (2022). The relationship between religiosity/spirituality and quality of life among female Eritrean refugees living in Norwegian asylum centres. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(4), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211010207

Aghababaei, N., & Błachnio, A. (2014). Purpose in life mediates the relationship between religiosity and happiness: Evidence from Poland. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17(8), 827–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2014.928850

Agilkaya-Sahin, Z. (2020). A critical overview of Turkish measures of religiosity. Journal of Empirical Theology, 33(1), 6–38. https://doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341401

Aladwan, F., Alzaben, M., Almahaireh, A., & Sulaiman, M. (2021). The meaning of life and its relations with unhealthy behaviors among Syrian adolescent refugees enrolled in public schools in Jordan. Journal of Social Studies Education Research/Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 384–404. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1334440.pdf

Alhaddad, L., Goodwin, R., & Kanngiesser, P. (2023). Challenges and coping: Perspectives of Syrian and Iraqi refugee youth in Germany. Journal of Adolescent Research, 38(6), 1043–1080. https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584211056069

Ayar, D., & Karasu, F. (2022). The relationship of fear of happiness levels of Syrian refugees with meaning of life and health perception. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4),1492–1501. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12955

Baumann, M. (2014). Religion als Ressource und Konfliktpotential in Europa. Analytische Perspektiven auf Immigration, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. [Religion as resource and conflict potential in Europe: Analytical perspectives on immigration, community and society]. In R. Polak & W. Reiss (Eds.), Religion im Wandel. Transformation Religiöser Gemeinschaften in Europa durch Migration: Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven (pp. 49–74). Vienna University Press. https://doi.org/10.14220/9783737003698.49

Baumann, M., & Nagel, A. (2023). Religion und Migration [Religion and migration]. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748923053

Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21(3), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100303

Bochinger, C. (2004). Religiosität [Religiosity]. In H. D. Betz, D. S. Browning, B. Janowski, & E. Jüngel (Eds.), Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Handwörterbuch für Theologie und Religions-wissenschaft (pp. 413–414). Mohr Siebeck Verlag.

Böhnisch, L. (2016). Der Weg zum sozialpädagogischen und sozialisationstheoretischen Konzept Lebensbewältigung [The way to the social pedagogical and socialization: Theoretical concept of life coping]. In J. Litau, A. Walther, A. Warth, & S. Wey (Eds.), Theorie und Forschung zur Lebensbewältigung: Methodologische Vergewisserungen und empirische Befunde (pp. 18–38). Beltz Juventa.

Brassai, L., Piko, B. F., & Steger, M. F. (2012). Existential attitudes and eastern European adolescents’ problem and health behaviors: Highlighting the role of the search or meaning in life. The Psychological Record, 62, 719–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395831

Brettfeld, K., & Wetzels, P. (2003). Junge Muslime in Deutschland. Eine kriminologische Analyse zur Alltagsrelevanz von Religion und Zusammenhängen von individueller Religiosität mit Gewalterfahrungen, einstellungen und handeln [Young Muslims in Germany: A criminological analysis of the relevance of religion in everyday life and the relationship between individual religiosity and experiences of violence, attitudes and actions]. In Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, Islamismus (pp. 221–316). Nürnberg.

Brettfeld, K., & Wetzels, P. (2007). Muslime in Deutschland—Integration, Integrationsbarrieren, Religion sowie Einstellungen zu Demokratie, Rechtsstaat und politisch-religiös motivierter Gewalt: Ergebnisse von Befragungen im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Studie in städtischen Lebensräumen [Muslims in Germany—Integration, barriers to integration, religion, and attitudes toward democracy, the rule of law, and politico-religiously motivated violence: Results of surveys in the context of a multicenter study in urban settings]. Texte zur Inneren Sicherheit. https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/63010/Muslime-in-Deutschland.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press.

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. (2022). Das Bundesamt in Zahlen 2021—Asyl [The federal office in figures 2021—Asylum]. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Statistik/BundesamtinZahlen/bundesamt-in-zahlen-2021.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5

Bundesministerium der Justiz. (2004). Gesetz über den Aufenthalt, die Erwerbstätigkeit und die Integration von Ausländern im Bundesgebie [Act on the Residence, Economic Activity and Integration of Foreigners in the Federal Territory]. https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_aufenthg/index.html

Bunn, C., & Wood, M. (2012). Cultured responses: The production of social capital in faith based organizations. Current Sociology, 60(5), 636–652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392111425598

Chan, T., Michalak, N. M., & Ybarra, O. (2019). When God is your only friend: Religious beliefs compensate for purpose in life in the socially disconnected. Journal of Personality, 87(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12401

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587

Crumbaugh, J. C., & Maholick, L. T. (1964). An experimental study in existentialism: The psycho­metric approach to Frankl’s concept of noogenic neurosis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(196404)20:2%3C200::AID-JCLP2270200203%3E3.0.CO;2-U

Dahl, R. E., Allen, N. B., Wilbrecht, L., & Suleiman, A. B. (2018). Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective. Nature, 554(7693), 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25770

Deutscher Bundestag. (2017). Bericht des unabhängigen Expertenkreises Antisemitismus (Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung) [Report of the Independent Expert Group on Anti-Semitism (briefing by the federal government)]. https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/18/119/1811970.pdf

Eghdamian, K. (2016). Religious identity and experiences of displacement: An examination into the discursive representations of Syrian refugees and their effects on religious minorities living in Jordan. Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(3), 447–467. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/few030

EL-Awad, U., Fathi, A., Lohaus, A., Petermann, F., & Reinelt, T. (2022). Different relations of religion and mental health. European Journal of Health Psychology, 29(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000100

Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E., & Qasmiyeh, Y. M. (2010). Muslim asylum-seekers and refugees: Negotiating identity, politics and religion in the UK. Journal of Refugee Studies, 23(3), 294–314. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq022

Finch, B. K., & Vega, W. A. (2003). Acculturation stress, social support, and self-rated health among Latinos in California. Journal of Immigrant Health, 5(3),109–117. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023987717921

Francis, L. J. (2013). Implicit religion, explicit religion and purpose in life: An empirical enquiry among 13- to 15-year-old adolescents. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(9), 909–921. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2012.756615

García-Alandete, J., Blanca, H. de T., Pérez, S. R., & Marco-Salvador, J. H. (2019). Meaning in life among adolescents: Factorial invariance of the purpose in life test and buffering effect on the relationship between emotional dysregulation and hopelessness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2327

García-Alandete, J., Lozano, B. S., Nohales, P. S., & Martínez, E. R. (2013). Rol predictivo del sentido de la vida sobre el bienestar psicológico y diferencias de género [Predictive role of meaning in life on psychological well-being and gender-specific differences]. Acta Colombiana de Psicologia, 16(1), 17–24. https://actacolombianapsicologia.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/244

García-Alandete, J., Lozano, B. S., Nohales, P. S., & Martínez, E. R. (2018). Sentido de vida y bienestar psicológico en adultos emergentes españoles [Meaning in life and psychological well-being in Spanish emerging adults]. Acta Colombiana de Psicologia, 21(1), 196–205. http://www.doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2018.21.1.9

Gärtner, C., & Hennig, L. (2017). Religion als Ressource zur Krisenbewältigung unter Bedingungen von Migration [Religion as a resource for crisis management under conditions of migration]. Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, 58, 91–113. https://www.uni-muenster.de/Ejournals/index.php/jcsw/article/view/2159/2072

Greenfield, E. A., Vaillant, G. E., & Marks, N. F. (2009). Do formal religious participation and spiritual perceptions have independent linkages with diverse dimensions of psychological well-being? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(2),196–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650905000206

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education.

Hajak, V. L., Sardana, S., Verdeli, H., & Grimm, S. (2021). A systematic review of factors affecting mental health and well-being of asylum seekers and refugees in Germany. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 643704. https://doi.org/10.3389-/fpsyt.2021.643704

Hasan, N., Mitschke, D. B., & Ravi, K. E. (2018). Exploring the role of faith in resettlement among Muslim Syrian refugees. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 37(3), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2018.1461045

Haug, S., Müssig, S. J., & Stichs, A. (2009). Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland. Im Auftrag der Deutschen Islam Konferenz [Muslim life in Germany: A study conducted on behalf of the German Conference on Islam]. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge Forschungszentrum Migration, Integration und Asyl. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-68146-7

Hayward, D., & Krause, N. (2013). Religion, mental health and well-being: Social aspects. In V. Saroglou (Ed.), Religion, personality, and social behavior (pp. 255–280). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203125359

Heintzelmann, S. J., & King, L. A. (2014). Life is pretty meaningful. American Psychologist, 69(6), 561–574. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035049

Heng, M. A., Fulmer, G. W., Blau, I., & Pereira, A. (2020). Youth purpose, meaning in life, social support and life satisfaction among adolescents in Singapore and Israel. Journal of Educational Change, 21(2), 299–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-020-09381-4

Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. The American Psychologist, 58(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.64

Huber, S. (2003). Zentralität und Inhalt. Ein Neues Multidimensionales Messmodell der Religiosität [Centrality and content: A new multidimensional measurement model of religiosity]. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11908-1

Huber, S., & Huber, O. W. (2012). The centrality of religiosity scale (CRS). Religions, 3(3), 710–724. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel3030710

Jahanara, M. (2015). Meaning in life, hope, and mental health: Relation between meaning in life, hope, depression, anxiety, and stress among Afghan refugees in Iran. International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 9(9), 3283–3286. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32826178

Jibeen, T. (2011). Moderators of acculturative stress in Pakistani immigrants: The role of personal and social resources. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(5), 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.04.002

Johnson, T. J., Kristeller, J., & Sheets, V. L. (2004). Religiousness and spirituality in college students: Separate dimensions with unique and common correlates. Indiana State University Department of Psychology Center for the Study of Health, Religion, & Spirituality. https://characterclearinghouse.fsu.edu/sites/g/files/upcbnu1416/files/imported/Institute%20Proceedings/Religiousness-and-Spirituality-in-College-Students-Separate-Dimensions-with-Unique-and-Common-Correlates.pdf

Jylhä, M. (2009). What is self-rated health and why does it predict mortality? Towards a unified conceptual model. Social Science & Medicine, 69(3), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.013

Kaltenbach, E., Schauer, M., Hermenau, K. Elbert, T., & Schalinski, I. (2018). Course of mental health in refugees—A one year panel survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, Article 352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00352

Kapuscinski, A. N., & Masters, K. S. (2010). The current status of measures of spirituality: A critical review of scale development. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 2(4), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020498

Kim, E. S., Kawachi, I., Chen, Y., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2017). Association between purpose in life and objective measures of physical function in older adults. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(10), 1039–1045. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2145

Kim, S., & Esquivel, G. B. (2011). Adolescent spirituality and resilience: Theory, research, and educational practices. Psychology in the Schools, 48(7), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20582

King, L. A., Heintzelman, S. J., & Ward, S. J. (2016). Beyond the search for meaning: A contemporary science of the experience of meaning in life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25(4), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416656354

Konz, B., & Rohde-Abuba, C. (2022). Flucht und Religion. Religiöse Verortungen und Deutungsprozesse von Kindern und Eltern mit Fluchterfahrungen [Flight and religion: Religious localizations and interpretation processes of children and parents with experiences of flight]. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt. https://doi.org/10.25656/01:23745

Kotovicz, F., Getzin, A., & Vo, T. (2018). Challenges of refugee health care: Perspectives of medical interpreters, case managers, and pharmacists. Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, 5(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.17294/2330-0698.1577

Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963

Lusk, M., Terrazas, S., Caro, J., Chaparro, P., & Puga Antúnez, D. (2021). Resilience, faith, and social supports among migrants and refugees from Central America and Mexico. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 23(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2019.1620668

Maier, K., Konaszewski, K., Skalski, S. B., Büssing, A., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2022). Spiritual needs, religious coping and mental wellbeing: A cross-sectional study among migrants and refugees in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), Article 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063415

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610375557

Müller, O., & Pollack, D. (2022). Religiosität, gesellschaftliche Einstellungen und politische Orientierungen in Deutschland [Religiosity, social attitudes and political orientations in Germany]. Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik, 6(2), 669–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41682-022-00108-1

Murphy, R., Keogh, B., & Higgins, A. (2019). Erosion of meaning in life: African asylum seekers’ experiences of seeking asylum in Ireland. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(2), 278–301. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey027

Müssig, S., & Stichs, A. (2012). Der Einfluss des Besuches religiöser Veranstaltungen auf die soziale Integration von christlichen und muslimischen Migranten der ersten Generation [The influence of attending religious events on the social integration of first-generation Christian and Muslim migrants]. In D. Pollack, I. Tucci, & H.-G. Ziebertz (Eds.), Religiöser Pluralismus im Fokus quantitativer Religionsforschung (pp. 299–329). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18697-9_11

Nagel, A. K. (2022). Intensivierung, Privatisierung, Relativierung: Muster religiösen Wandels bei Geflüchteten [Intensification, privatization, relativization: Patterns of religious change among refugees]. Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik, 6, 545–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41682-022-00118-z

Ní Raghallaigh, M. (2011). Religion in the lives of unaccompanied minors: An available and compelling coping resource. British Journal of Social Work, 41(3), 539–556. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcq136

O’Connor, K., & Chamberlain, K. (1996). Dimensions of life meaning: A qualitative investigation at mid-life. British Journal of Psychology, 87(3), 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02602.x

Ohlendorf, D., Koenig, M., & Diehl, C. (2015). Religion, kulturelle Ressourcen und Bildungserfolg. Forschungsbericht im Auftrag der Stiftung Mercator [Religion, cultural resources and educational success: Research report commissioned by the Mercator Foundation]. Göttingen.

Park, C. L. (2005). Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 707–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00428.x

Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301

Park, C. L. (2016). Meaning making in the context of disasters. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(12), 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22270

Penthin, M., Christ, A., Kröner, S., Pirner, M. L., & Scheunpflug, A. (2023). Does teachers’ spirituality make a difference? The explanatory value of spirituality and religiosity for teachers’ professional beliefs on teaching and learning. Religion & Education, 50(2–3), 159–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2023.2185051

Pfündel, K., Stichs, A., & Tanis, K. (2021). Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland 2020. Studie im Auftrag der Deutschen Islam Konferenz [Muslim life in Germany 2020: Study on behalf of the German Islam Conference]. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-73274-8

Pickel, G., & Pickel, S. (2019). Der „Flüchtling” als Muslim—und unerwünschter Mitbürger? [The “refugee” as a Muslim—and unwanted fellow citizen?]. In O. Hidalgo & G. Pickel (Eds.), Flucht und Migration in Europa (pp. 279–323). Springer Fachmedien. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23309-9_12

Pirner, M. L. (2006). Religiosität als Gegenstand empirischer Forschung [Religiosity as an object of empirical research]. In H.-F. Angel, M. Bröking-Bortfeldt, U. Hemel, M. Jacobs, J. Kunstmann, M. L. Pirner, & M. Rothgangel (Eds.) Religiosität. Anthropologische, theologische und sozialwissenschaftliche Klärungen (pp. 30–52). W. Kohlhammer.

Pirner, M. L. (2017). Religion als Ressource und Risiko. Die Religiosität von Geflüchteten Jugendlichen in Deutschland—Empirische Einblicke [Religion as resource and risk: The religiosity of refugee youth in Germany—Empirical insights]. Theo-Web. Zeitschrift für Religionspädagogik, 16(2), 153–180. https://doi.org/10.23770/tw0033

Pirner, M. L., & Bradtke, J. (2021). Significance of the religiosity and educational backgrounds of young refugees in Germany: Results from an empirical mixed-methods study. In A. Ednan & M. Hermansen (Eds.), Religious diversity at school: Educating for new pluralistic contexts (pp. 41–61). Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31696-9_3

Prieto-Ursúa, M., & Jódar, R. (2020). Finding meaning in hell: The role of meaning, religiosity and spirituality in posttraumatic growth during the coronavirus crisis in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 567836. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567836

Putnam, R. D., & Campbell, D. E. (2010). American grace: How religion divides and unites us. Simon & Schuster.

Rayes, D., Karnouk, C., Churbaji, D., Walther, L., & Bajbouj, M. (2021). Faith-based coping among Arabic-speaking refugees seeking mental health services in Berlin, Germany: An exploratory qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 595979. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.595979

Reker, G. T., & Wong, P. T. (1988). Aging as an individual process: Toward a theory of personal meaning. In J. E. Birren & V. L. Bengtson (Eds.), Emergent theories of aging (pp. 214–246). Springer. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266261451_Aging_as_an_individual_process_Toward_a_theory_of_personal_meaning

Revelle, W. (2023). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research [R package version 2.3.6]. Northwestern University. https://CRAN.r-project.org/package=psych

Reynolds, C. J., Smith, S. M., & Conway, P. (2022). Intrinsic religiosity attenuates the negative relationship between social disconnectedness and meaning in life. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 14(3), 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000318

Riegel, U. (2020). Centrality of religiosity, attitude towards Christianity and post-critical belief: Comparing three measures of religiosity. Religions, 11(1), Article 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11010046

Rohde-Abuba, C., & Konz, B. (2020). Flight. Religion. Resilience: Faith as a resource for coping with the challenges of migration and integration: World Vision Germany. https://www.worldvision.de/sites/worldvision.de/files/pdf/World_Vision_Studie_Resilienz_en.pdf

Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Satow, L. (2012). SCI. Stress- und Coping-Inventar (Verfahrensdokumentation, Fragebogen, Skalendokumentation und Beispielprofile) [SCI: Stress and coping inventory (Procedural documentation, questionnaire, scale documentation and sample profiles)]. In Open test archive. Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.4604

Siegert, M. (2020). Die Religionszugehörigkeit, religiöse Praxis und soziale Einbindung von Geflüchteten [Religious affiliation, religious practice, and social integration of refugees]. Bundesanstalt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-68296-4

Skalisky, J., Wanner, S., Howe, B., & Mauseth, K. (2022). Religious coping, resilience, and involuntary displacement: A mixed-methods analysis of the experience of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Jordan. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 14(4), 539–547. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000390

Soucase, B., García-Alandete, J., & Rubio-Belmonte, C. (2023). Presence of/search for meaning and positive psychological functioning in Spanish emerging adults. Current Psychology, 42, 2198–2207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02394-z

Sumner, R., Burrow, A. L., & Hill, P. L. (2018). The development of purpose in life among adolescents who experience marginalization: Potential opportunities and obstacles. The American Psychologist, 73(6), 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000249

Taufik, T., & Ibrahim, R. (2020). Making sense of disaster: Affinity to God as a coping strategy of Muslim refugees in central Sulawesi. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(1), 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2019.1655256

Teas, E., Friedman, E., & Amireault, S. (2022). Purpose in life and personal growth: The unique and joint contribution of physical activity and basic psychological needs. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 795–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12347

Tinnemann, P., Gundlach, F., Nitschke, H., Bunte, A., & Teichert, U. (2016). Medizinische Versorgung von Flüchtlingen durch den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst: Allzeit bereit—nur wie lange noch? [Medical care for refugees by the public health services: Always ready—But for how much longer?]. Gesundheitswesen, 78(4), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-104818

Traunmüller, R. (2008). Religion als Ressource sozialen Zusammenhalts? Eine empirische Analyse der religiösen Grundlagen sozialen Kapitals in Deutschland [Religion as a resource for social cohesion? An empirical analysis of the religious foundations of social capital in Germany] (SOEP Papers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research No. 144). Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/150691

Traunmüller, R. (2009). Religion und Sozialintegration [Religion and social integration]. Berliner Journal für Soziologie, 19(3), 435–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-009-0100-5

Ulfat, F. (2022). Was ‚Christ:Innen‘ in den Augen muslimischer Jugendlicher ausmacht [What “Christians” look like in the eyes of Muslim youths]. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 25(1), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-022-01073-4

UNHCR. (2019). Handbook on procedures and criteria for determining refugee status and guidelines on international protection under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/media/handbook-procedures-and-criteria-determining-refugee-status-under-1951-convention-and-1967

Walther, L., Fuchs, L. M., Schupp, J., & von Scheve, C. (2020). Living conditions and the mental health and well-being of refugees: Evidence from a large-scale German survey. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 22(5), 903–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00968-5

Will, G., Homuth, C., von Maurice, J., & Roßbach, H.-G. (2021). Integration of recently arrived underage refugees: Research potential of the study ReGES—Refugees in the German Educational System. European Sociological Review, 37(6), 1027–1043. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcab033

Yemiscigil, A., & Vlaev, I. (2021). The bidirectional relationship between sense of purpose in life and physical activity: A longitudinal study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 44(5), 715–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-021-00220-2

Published

2024-07-10

How to Cite

Engel, D., Penthin, M., Pirner, M., & Riegel, U. (2024). Religion as a Resource? The Impact of Religiosity on the Sense of Purpose in Life of Young Muslim Refugees in Germany. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 40(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41258

Similar Articles

<< < 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.