Making a New Journey: Comparing the Settlement Experiences of Adult and Child Refugees in Atlantic Canada

Auteurs-es

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41373

Mots-clés :

Refugee Integration, Atlantic Canada, Canada, Child Refugees, Young Refugees, Refugee Education, Age differences, Comparative study, Leisure Studies, Social integration

Résumé

Cet article applique le cadre ACL (Age at migration, Context/contact opportunities, and Life cycle stage) et utilise des données d’entretiens qualitatifs pour comparer l’intégration d’adultes et d’enfants syriens réfugiés à St. John’s, au Canada. Presque tous les enfants ont déclaré avoir des amis nés au Canada, devançant les adultes, ce qui est facilité par des salles de classe très intégrées. Leurs activités récréatives étaient moins structurées, tandis que les adultes se concentraient sur les activités de l’école de langue ou de l’agence d’établissement. Les enfants étaient plus ouverts aux nouvelles expériences et plus optimistes quant au climat et à la nourriture du Canada. Ils se rendaient plus souvent à l’école à pied ou en bus, les adultes privilégiant l’automobile comme moyen de transport.

Statistiques

Chargement des statistiques…

Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

John Hartley, Memorial University of Newfoundland

John Hartley is a Research Fellow with Memorial University of Newfoundland. He can be reached at jrh8475@mun.ca.

Tony Fang, Memorial University of Newfoundland

Tony Fang is a Full Professor and Stephen Jarislowsky Chair in Cultural and Economic Transformation at Memorial University of Newfoundland. He can be reached at tfang@mun.ca.

Shanawaz Khan

Shanawaz Khan is an Investment and Debt Analyst at the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. He can be reached at shanawazk@mun.ca.

Références

Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21, 166–191. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fen016

Akbari, A. H. (2015). Human resource deficit in Atlantic Canada: A challenge for regional economic development. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(2), 225–236.

Akbari, A. (2020). Immigration in Nova Scotia: Who Comes, Who Stays, Who Leaves and Why? A Research Project Report prepared for Nova Scotia Office of Immigration, Government of Nova Scotia. https://www.smu.ca/webfiles/3StayersandLeaversSurveyReportFinalOctober23.pdf

Almerico, G. M. (2014). Food and identity: Food studies, cultural, and personal identity. Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, 8, 1–7.

Arnett, J. J. (2002). The psychology of globalization. The psychology of globalization. American Psychologist, 57(10), 774–783.

Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency [ACOA]. (2020). The labour market in Atlantic Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/atlantic-canada-opportunities/services/researchstudies10.html

Bauer, C. A., & Hannover, B. (2020). Can I be myself around natives? Feelings of inauthenticity mediate the relationship between perceived discrimination and tendencies to avoid friendships with natives among refugees in Germany. Social Psychology, 51(6), 396–407. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000423

Beiser, M., Puente-Duran, S., & Hou, F. (2015). Cultural distance and emotional problems among immigrant and refugee youth in Canada: Findings from the New Canadian Child and Youth Study (NCCYS). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 49, 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.06.005

Bergnehr, D., Aronson, O., & Enell, S. (2020). Friends through school and family: Refugee girls’ talk about friendship formation. Childhood, 27(4), 530–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568220923718

Bishai, D. M. (2004). Does time preference change with age? Journal of Population Economics, 17(4), 583–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-004-0187-0

Brar-Josan, N., & Yohani, S. C. (2019). Cultural brokers’ role in facilitating informal and formal mental health supports for refugee youth in school and community context: A Canadian case study. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 47(4), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2017.1403010

Bunar, N., & Juvonen, P. (2022). “Not (yet) ready for the mainstream”—Newly arrived migrant students in a separate educational program. Journal of Education Policy, 37(6), 986–1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2021.1947527

Cheung, S. Y., & Phillimore, J. (2014). Refugees, social capital, and labour market integration in the UK. Sociology, 48(3), 518–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038513491467

City of St. John’s. (n.d.). St. John’s climate. https://www.stjohns.ca/en/recreation-culture/st-john-s-climate.aspx

City of St. John’s. (2024, February 20). City of St. John’s releases 2023 economic review. https://www.stjohns.ca/en/news/city-of-st-john-s-releases-2023-economic-review.aspx

Clark, N. (2009). Welcoming communities and immigrant integration in Newfoundland and Labrador [Master’s thesis, Ryerson University]. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14645205.v1

Conference Board of Canada. (n.d.). Life satisfaction. https://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/life-satisfaction-aspx-2/

Dekker, B., & Siegel, M. (2014, February 6). Transnationalism and integration: Complements or substitutes? [Working paper]. Maastricht University. https://migration.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/transnationalism-and-integration-complements-or-substitutes.html

Dustmann, C. (1996). The social assimilation of immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, 9(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00003825

Edmonston, B. (2013). Life course perspectives on immigration. Canadian Studies in Population, 40(1–2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.25336/P6MK73

El-Bialy, R., & Mulay, S. (2015). Two sides of the same coin: Factors that support and challenge the wellbeing of refugees resettled in a small urban center. Health & Place, 35, 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.06.009

Erdal, M. B., & Ezzati, R. (2015). “Where are you from” or “When did you come”? Temporal dimensions in migrants’ reflections about settlement and return. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(7), 1202–1217. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2014.971041

Erdal, M. B., & Oeppen, C. (2013). Migrant balancing acts: Understanding the interactions between integration and transnationalism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(6), 867–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.765647

Fang, T., Sapeha, H., Neil, K. C., & Jaunty-Aidamenbor, O. (2020). Syrian refugee integration in Newfoundland and Labrador. In L. K. Hamilton, V. Luisa, & M. Walton-Roberts (Eds.), A national project: Syrian refugee resettlement in Canada (pp. 311–330). McGill-Queen’s University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv176ktst.20

Fang, T., Xiao, N., Zhu, J., & Hartley, J. (2022). Employer attitudes and the hiring of immigrants and international students: Evidence from a survey of employers in Atlantic Canada. Canadian Public Policy, 48(S1), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-007

Fitzpatrick, S. (2018). Grade level placement for refugee students: Determining appropriate placement. Morning Watch, 46(1–2), 1–4. https://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/mwatch/article/view/2044/1625

Flight, G. (2021). Investigating the challenges that face refugee students in Newfoundland and Labrador—An educators’ perspective [Master’s thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland]. Memorial University Research Repository. https://research.library.mun.ca/15295/1/thesis.pdf

Garcés-Mascareñas, B., & Penninx, R. (2016). Introduction: Integration as a three-way process approach? In B. Garcés- Mascareñas & R. Penninx (Eds.), Integration processes and policies in Europe (pp. 1–9). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_1

Gien, L., & Law, R. (2009). Attracting and retaining immigrants to Newfoundland and Labrador: Voices from the newcomers and international students. Harris Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland. https://research.library.mun.ca/8155/

Government of Canada. (2016). Wind atlas. http://www.windatlas.ca/maps-en.php?field=EU&height=50&season=ANU

Government of Canada. (2025). Precipitation climatology— Map—Average—Oct-Nov-Dec. https://weather.gc.ca/saisons/image_e.html?format=clim_stn&season=ond&type=pcpn

Government of Newfoundland & Labrador. (n.d.). Literacy enrichment and academic readiness for newcomers (LEARN). Making a New Journey https://www.gov.nl.ca/education/k12/curriculum/descriptions/learn-newcomers/

Hannafi, C., & Marouani, M. A. (2023). Social integration of Syrian refugees and their intention to stay in Germany. Journal of Population Economics, 36(2), 581–607. https://doi.org/101007/s00148-022-00913-1

Houle, R., & Schellenberg, G. (2010, February). New immigrants’ assessments of their life in Canada [Working paper]. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11f0019m/11f0019m2010322-eng.pdf

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. (2023). Immigrate through the Atlantic Immigration Program: Get in touch with a settlement service provider organization. https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/atlantic-immigration/settlement-service-provider-organizations.html

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. (2024, May 10). How long does the support for government-assisted refugees last? https://www.cic.gc.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=102&top=11

International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers. (n.d.). Total world vehicles in use (in thousand units). https://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads/Total-World-vehicles-in-use-2020.pdf

Jedwab, J. (2008). Religion and social capital in Canada. Canadian Diversity, 6(1), 25–46. King, C. (2015, August 4). For this Newfoundland holiday, bad weather means all boats are off—St. John’s residents get to miss work for the regatta, but only if strong winds don’t spoil the atmosphere. The Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-this-newfoundland-holidaybad-weather-means-all-boats-are-off-1438649053

Kyeremeh, E., Arku, G., Mkandawire, P., Cleave, E., & Yusuf, I. (2021). What is success? Examining the concept of successful integration among African immigrants in Canada. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(3), 649–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1639494

Li, X., & Grineva, M. (2016). Academic and social adjustment of high school refugee youth in Newfoundland. TESL Canada Journal, 34(1), 51–71. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v34i1.1255

Li, X., & Que, H. (2016). Integration and career challenges of newcomer youth in Newfoundland in Canada. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 2(3), Article 5. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1133795.pdf

Li, X., & Que, H. (2020). Support for refugee students in a Newfoundland high school: Merits and ramifications. Education in the North, 27(1), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.26203/wfjh-v278

Li, X., Que, H., & Power, K. (2017). Welcome to “the Rock”: Service providers’ views on newcomer youth integration in Newfoundland and Labrador. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 18(4), 1105–1122. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12134-017-0520-6

Lichtenstein, G., & Puma, J. E. (2019). The Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE): Results from a four-year longitudinal study. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(3), 397–416. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey034

McDiarmid, S., Durbeej, N., Sarkadi, A., & Osman, F. (2021). Schools’ and teachers’ roles and challenges in supporting the mental wellbeing of refugee youths: A qualitative study with Swedish teachers. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 17(1), Article 2007568. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2021.2007568

McDonald, J. T., Cruickshank, B., & Liu, Z. (2018). Immigrant retention in NB: An analysis using administrative Medicare Registry data. Journal of Population Research, 35(4), 325– 341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-018-9217-8

Meidenbauer, K. L., Stenfors, C. U. D., Young, J., Layden, E. A., Schertz, K. E., Kardan, O., Decety, J., & Berman, M. G. (2019). The gradual development of the preference for natural environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 65, Article 101328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101328

Monteiro, L., & Haan, M. (2021). The life satisfaction of immigrants in Canada: Does time since arrival matter more than income? Journal of International Migration & Integration, 23, 1397–1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00899-x

Murad, S., & Versey, H. S. (2021). Barriers to leisure-time social participation and community integration among Syrian and Iraqi refugees. Leisure Studies, 40(3), 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1862281

Pascoe-Deslauriers, R. (2020). Putting employers to work in economic development in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Local Economy, 35(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094220907550

Penninx, R., & Garcés-Mascareñas, B. (2016). The concept of integration as an analytical tool and as a policy concept. In B. Garcés-Mascareñas & R. Penninx (Eds.), Integration processes and policies in Europe: Contexts, levels and actors (pp. 11–29). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_2

Pottie-Sherman, Y., & Graham, N. (2021). Live, work, and stay? Geographies of immigrant receptivity in Atlantic Canada’s aspiring gateways. Geographical Review, 111(2), 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167428.2020.1804301

Pottie-Sherman, Y., & Lynch, N. (2019). Gaming on the edge: Mobile labour and global talent in Atlantic Canada’s video game industry. The Canadian Geographer, 63(3), 425–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12522

Pozzo, M., & Nerghes, A. (2020). Dutch without the Dutch: Discourse, policy, and program impacts on the social integration and language acquisition of young refugees (ages 12– 23). Social Identities, 26(6), 842–860. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2020.1814721

Pritchard, P., Maehler, D. B., Pötzschke, S., & Ramos, H. (2019). Integrating refugee children and youth: A scoping review of English and German literature. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(Special_Issue_1), i194–i208. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez024

Randall, J. E., Kitchen, P., Muhajarine, N., Newbold, B., Williams, A., & Wilson, K. (2014). Immigrants, islandness and perceptions of quality-of-life on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Island Studies Journal, 9(2), 343–362. https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.310

Reitmanova, S., & Gustafson, D. L. (2017). Health and social inequities of visible minority immigrant women in St. John’s: A critical population health perspective. In G. Tibe Bonifacio & J. Drolet (Eds.), Canadian perspectives on immigration in small cities (pp. 173–194). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40424-0_9

Sano, Y., Kaida, L., & Swiss, L. (2017). Earnings of immigrants in traditional and non-traditional destinations: A case study from Atlantic Canada. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 18(3), 961–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-017-0512-6

Sapeha, H. (2015). Explaining variations in immigrants’ satisfaction with their settlement experience. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(4), 891–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-014-0371-3

Making a New Journey Schunck, R. (2011). Immigrant integration, transnational activities and the life course. In M. Wingens, M. Windzio, H. de- Valk, & C. Aybek (Eds.), A life-course perspective on migration and integration (pp. 259–282). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1545-5_12

Sergerie, F., Chastko, K., Saunders, D., & Charbonneau, P. (2021, May 11). Defining Canada’s downtown neighbourhoods: 2016 boundaries. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/91f0015m/91f0015m2021001-eng.htm

Shuayb, M., Hammoud, M., & Al Samhoury, O. (2022). A comparative longitudinal study of the schooling of refugee children in Lebanon, Turkey, and Australia. Lebanese American University & Centre for Lebanese Studies. https://lebanesestudies.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/A-Comparative-Longitudinal-Study-of-Refugee-Childrens-Schooling-in-Lebanon-Turkey-and-Australia.pdf

Spaaij, R. (2015). Refugee youth, belonging and community sport. Leisure Studies, 34(3), 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.893006

Stack, J. A. C., & Iwasaki, Y. (2009). The role of leisure pursuits in adaptation processes among Afghan refugees who have immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada. Leisure Studies, 28(3), 239– 259. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614360902951658

Statistics Canada. (2021, December 10). Table 1: Five-year retention rates, by pre-admission experience and province or territory, for the 2014 admission year. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/211210/t001b-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. (2022, April 27). Map 4: The populations of the Atlantic provinces are aging quickly. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220427/mc-a004-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. (2025, February 19). Table 13-10-0843-01: Life satisfaction by gender and province. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310084301

Stewart, J., & El Chaar, D. (2020). The honeymoon’s over: Postsettlement issues and challenges for Syrian refugee youth in Canada. In L. K. Hamilton, V. Luisa, & M. Walton-Roberts (Eds.), A national project: Syrian refugee resettlement in Canada (pp. 105–126). McGill-Queen’s University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv176ktst.11

Strang, A. B., & Quinn, N. (2021). Integration or isolation? Refugees’ social connections and wellbeing. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(1), 328–353. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez040

Takenaka, A. (2017). Immigrant integration through food: Nikkei cuisine in Peru. Contemporary Japan, 29(2), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2017.1351022

UNHCR. (n.d.a). Refugees in Canada. https://www.unhcr.ca/incanada/refugees-in-canada/

Wilkinson, L. (2013). Introduction: Developing and testing a generalizable model of immigrant integration. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 45(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2013.0038

Wingens, M., De Valk, H., Windzio, M., & Aybek, C. (2011). The sociological life course approach and research on migration and integration. In M. Wingens, M. Windzio, H. de Valk, & C. Aybek (Eds.), A life-course perspective on migration and integration (pp. 1–26). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1545-5_1

Wrzus, C., Hänel, M., Wagner, J., & Neyer, F. J. (2013). Social network changes and life events across the life span: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028601

Ylikoski, P., & Zahle, J. (2019). Case study research in the social sciences. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 78, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2019.10.003

Zhaoyang, R., Sliwinski, M. J., Martire, L. M., & Smyth, J. M. (2018). Age differences in adults’ daily social interactions: An ecological momentary assessment study. Psychology and Aging, 33(4), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000242

Publié-e

2025-07-29

Comment citer

Hartley, J., Fang, T., & Khan, S. (2025). Making a New Journey: Comparing the Settlement Experiences of Adult and Child Refugees in Atlantic Canada. Refuge : Revue Canadienne Sur Les réfugiés , 41(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41373

Articles similaires

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

Vous pouvez également Lancer une recherche avancée d’articles similaires à cet article.