Ethical Considerations for Humanizing Refugee Research Trajectories
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40808Mots-clés :
refugees, forced migration, ethics, field work, TanzaniaRésumé
Cet article soutient que les responsabilités éthiques dans les études sur les réfugiés se sont concentrées sur le terrain de recherche alors que l'éthique devrait également s’appliquer à la problématique de recherche - les objectifs, les questions et les concepts pouvant potentiellement causer préjudice. À partir d’un exemple issu de la Tanzanie, cet article soutient que les politiques publiques ont largement façonné le langage, les catégories étudiées ainsi que les cadres interprétatifs de la recherche sur les réfugiés, et préconise de porter une plus grande attention aux processus de racialisation historiques et contemporains qui sous-tendent les principes et pratiques humanitaires, ainsi qu’à la manière dont ils peuvent contribuer à l’exclusion et aux anxiétés ontologiques chez les réfugiés du Sud global. En élargissant la conceptualisation des responsabilités éthiques, les chercheurs sont mieux à même d’explorer la pertinence et les implications de l’approche qu’ils ont adoptée pour les communautés de réfugiés, et dans quelle mesure ils contribuent àla racialisation et la déshumanisation des personnes cherchant refuge ou la remettent en cause.
Statistiques
Références
Agamben, G. (1998). Homo sacer: Sovereign power and bare life (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.). Stanford University Press.
Bakewell, O. (2008). Research beyond the categories: The importance of policy irrelevant research into forced migration. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(4), 432–453. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fen042
Brankamp, H., & Daley, P. (2020). Laborers, migrants, refugees: Managing belonging, bodies, and mobility in (post)colonial Kenya and Tanzania. Migration & Society, 3(1), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030110
Campbell, J. (1999). Nationalism, ethnicity and religion: Fundamental conflicts and the politics of identity in Tanzania. Nations and Nationalism, 5(1), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-5078.1999.00105.x
Centre for Forced Migration (CFM), International Refugee Initiative, & Social Science Research Council. (2008, November). Going home or staying home? Ending displacement for Burundian refugees in Tanzania (Citizenship and Forced Migration in the Great Lakes Region Working Paper No. 1). https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/53b3defa6.pdf
Chaulia, S. (2003). The politics of refugee hosting in Tanzania: From open door to unsustainability, insecurity and receding receptivity. Journal of Refugee Studies, 16(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/16.2.147
Clark-Kazak, C. (2017). Ethical considerations: Research with people in situations of forced migration. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 33(2),11–17. https://doi.org/10.7202/1043059ar
Crawley, H., & Skleparis, D. (2018). Refugees, migrants, neither, both: Categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s “migration crisis.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1348224
Daley, P. O., Kamata, N., & Singo, L. (2018). Undoing traceable beginnings: Citizenship and belonging among former Burundian refugees in Tanzania. Migration and Society, 1(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.3167/arms.2018.010104
De Genova, N. (2018). The “migrant crisis” as racial crisis: Do Black Lives Matter in Europe? Ethnic and Racial Studies, 41(10), 1765–1782. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1361543
Duffield, M. (2012). Challenging environments: Danger, resilience and the aid industry. Security Dialogue, 43(5), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010612457975
Espinoza, M. V. (2020). Lessons from refugees: Research ethics in the context of resettlement in South America. Migration and Society, 3(1), 247–253. https://doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030121
Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks (C. L. Markmann, Trans.). Pluto Press.
Fassin, D. (2010). Inequality of lives, hierarchies of humanity: Moral commitments and ethical dilemmas of humanitarianism. In M. Ticktin, & A. Feldman (Eds.), In the name of humanity: The government of threat and care (pp. 238–255). Duke University Press.
Foucault, M. (1976). The will to knowledge: The history of sexuality, Vol. 1 (R. Hurley, Trans.). Penguin Books.
Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Polity Press.
Heilbrunn, S., & Iannone, R. L. (2020). From center to periphery and back again: A systematic literature review of refugee entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 12(18), Article 7658. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187658
Jacobsen, K., & Landau, L. B. (2003). The dual imperative in refugee research: Some methodological and ethical considerations in research on forced migration. Disasters, 27(3),185–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00228
Krause, A. (2017). Researching forced migration: Critical reflections on research ethics during fieldwork (Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 123). https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/researching-forced-migration-critical-reflections-on-research-ethics-during-fieldwork
Krause, U. (2021). Colonial roots of the 1951 Refugee Convention and its effects on the global refugee regime. Journal of International Relations and Development, 24, 599–626. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-020-00205-9
Kyriakides, C., Taha, D., Charles, C. H., & Torres, R. D. (2019). Introduction: The racialized refugee regime. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 25(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.7202/1060670ar
Lemarchand, R. (1996). Burundi: Ethnic conflict and genocide. Cambridge University Press.
Maass, E. (1958). Integration and name changing among Jewish refugees from Central Europe in the United States. Names: A Journal of Onomastics, 6(3), 129–117. https://doi.org/10.1179/nam.1958.6.3.129
Malkki, L. H. (1992). National geographic: The rooting of peoples and the territorialization of national identity among scholars and refugees. Cultural Anthropology, 7(1), 24–4. https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00030
Malkki, L. H. (1995). Purity and exile: Violence, memory, and national cosmology among Hutu refugees in Tanzania. University of Chicago Press.
Massey, D. (2004). Geographies of responsibility. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 86(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00150.x
Mayblin, L. (2017). Asylum after empire: Colonial legacies in the politics of asylum seeking. Rowman & Littlefield.
Moriel, L. (2005). Passing and the performance of gender, race, and class acts: A theoretical framework .Women and Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory, 15(1), 167–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/07407700508571493
Muller-Funk, L. (2020). Research with refugees in fragile political contexts: How ethical reflections impact methodological choices. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(2), 2308–2332. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa013
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J. (2013). Empire, global coloniality and African subjectivity. Berghahn Books.
Noxolo, P., Raghuram, P., & Madge, C. (2012). Unsettling responsibility: Postcolonial interventions. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37(3), 418–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00474.x
Osei-Nyame, K. (2009). The politics of “translation” in African postcolonial literature: Olaudah Equiano, Ayi Kwei Armah, Toni Morrison, Ama Ata Aidoo, Tayeb Salih and Leila Aboulela. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 21(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696810902986474
Rosenthal, J. (2015). From “migrants” to “refugees”: Identity, aid and decolonization in Ngara district, Tanzania. Journal of African History, 56, 261–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853715000225
Run, P. (2012). “Out of place”? An auto-ethnography of refuge and postcolonial exile, African Identities, 10(4), 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2012.692544
Rutabizwa, O. U. (2021). What’s there to celebrate? What’s there to mourn? Decolonial retrievals of humanitarianism. In A. Rigon, R. Zakaria, J. Fiori, F. Espada, & B. Taithe (Eds.), Amidst the debris: Humanitarianism and the end of liberal order (pp. 369–376). C. Hurst & Co.
Sommers, M. (2001). Fear in Bongoland: Burundi refugees in urban Tanzania. Berghahn Books.
Siyame, P. (2017, August 24). Nchemba tells former refugees—Behave, else you forfeit citizenship. Tanzania Daily News. https://allafrica.com/stories/201708240164.html
Taha, D. (2019). Intersectionality and other critical approaches in refugee research: An annotated bibliography (Local Engagement Refugee Research Network Paper No. 3). Carleton University.
Turner, S. (2010). Politics of innocence: Hutu identity, conflict, and camp life. Berghahn Books.
Weheliye, A. G. (2014). Habeas viscus: Racializing assemblages, biopolitics and Black feminist theories of the human. Duke University Press.
Yacob-Haliso, O. (2016). Intersectionality and durable solutions for refugee women in Africa. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 113, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2016.1236698
Zetter, R. (1991). Labelling refugees: Forming and transforming a bureaucratic identity. Journal of Refugee Studies, 4(1), 39–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/4.1.39
Zetter, R. (2007). More labels, fewer refugees: Remaking the refugee label in an era of globalization. Journal of Refugee Studies, 20(2),172–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fem011
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Versions
- 2021-11-22 (2)
- 2021-11-22 (1)
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Patricia Daley 2021
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Les auteurs qui publient dans Refuge conservent le droit d’auteur associé à leur œuvre, et octroient au public une licence Creative Commons Attribution - Utilisation non commerciale 4.0 International. La licence permet l’utilisation, la reproduction et l’adaptation du matériel avec attribution par tous moyens et sous tous formats pour des fins non commerciales. Pour des informations générales sur les licences Creative Commons, visitez le site Creative Commons. Pour la licence CC BY-NC 4.0, consultez le résumé lisible par l'homme.
