Vulnerability, Embedded Agency, and Downward Social Mobility of Young Asylum Seekers
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41037Mots-clés :
jeunes demandeurs d'asile, discrimination intersectionell et vulnérabilité intersectionelle, navigation sociale, agence intégrée, mobilité sociale à la baisseRésumé
D’un point de vue intersectionnel, nous avons analysé la vulnérabilité situationnelle et inhérente à deux jeunes demandeurs d’asile en Catalogne (Espagne) grâce à des études de cas qui illustrent comment ces jeunes ont navigué dans des environnements imprévisibles et changeants qui ont influencé leur agence intégrée. Leur implantation en tant que navigation sociale met en évidence les dimensions temporelles du processus migratoire. L’attente est aussi un élément clé qui a marqué et réglé leur règlement d’une dimension normative, relationnelle et existentielle. Les résultats mettent en évidence une mobilité sociale à la baisse et une intégration précaire dans la société d’accueil en raison de contraintes institutionnelles, structurelles et socioculturelles.
Statistiques
Références
Allegri, E., Eve, M., Mazzola, R., Perino, M., & Pogliano, A. (2020). Other “lenses”: A training program for social workers and others working with asylum seekers and migrants in Italy. European Journal of Social Work, 23(3),529–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2020.1743239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2020.1743239
Amnesty International. (2002, April 16). Pakistan: Insufficient protection of women. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa33/006/2002/en/
Aparicio, R., & Doménech, C. (2020). Informe sobre la intolerancia y la discriminación hacia los musulmanes en España: recopilación de información y prácticas de lucha contra la Islamofobia. Observatorio Español del Racismo y la Xenofobia (OBERAXE). https://www.inclusion.gob.es/oberaxe/es/publicaciones/documentos/documento_0131.htm
Barot, R., & Bird, J. (2001). Racialization: The genealogy and critique of a concept. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24(4), 601–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870120049806 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870120049806
Beltrán Antolín, J., & Sáiz López, A. (2008). La comunidad pakistaní en España. Anuario Asia-CIDOB. https://www.cidob.org/articulos/anuario_asia_pacifico/2007/la_comunidad_pakistani_en_espana
Berger, R. (2013). Now I see it, now I don’t: Researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475
Brah, A. (1993). “Race” and “culture” in the gendering of labor markets: South Asian young Muslim women and the labor market. New Community, 19(3), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1993.9976376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1993.9976376
Brown, K., Ecclestone, K., & Emmel, N. (2017). The many faces of vulnerability. Social Policy and Society, 16(3), 497–510. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746416000610 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746416000610
Collins, P. H., & Bilge, S. (2020). Intersectionality (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Collins, S. G., Durrington, M., & Gill., H. (2017). Multimodality: An invitation. American Anthropologist, 119(1),142–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12826
Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (CEAR). (2021). Informe 2021: las personas refugiadas en España y Europa. https://www.cear.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Informe-Anual-CEAR-2021.pdf
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Denov, M., & Bryan, C. (2014). Social navigation and the resettlement experiences of separated children in Canada. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 30(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.38600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.38600
European Commission. (2020). Horizon 2020: Work programme 2018–2020. 16. Science with and for Society. https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2018-2020/main/h2020-wp1820-swfs_en.pdf
Federico, V., & Baglioni, S. (Eds.). (2021). Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers’ integration in European labour markets: A comparative approach on legal barriers and enablers. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3
Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA). (2017, May). Current migration situation in the EU: Education. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-may-2017-monthly-migration-report-focus-education_en.pdf
Galonnier, J. (2015). The racialization of Muslims in France and the United States: Some insights from white converts to Islam. Social Compass, 62(4), 570–583. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768615601966 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768615601966
Garner, S., & Selod, S. (2014). The racialization of Muslims: Empirical studies of Islamophobia. Critical Sociology, 41(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920514531606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920514531606
Goodin, R. E. (1985). Protecting the vulnerable: A reanalysis of our social responsibilities. University of Chicago Press.
Güell, B., Solé Arraràs, A., Naz, K., & Martínez, R. (2018, April). Barcelonines d’origen pakistanès: empoderament i participació contra la feminització de la pobreza. Ajuntament de Barcelona. https://bcnroc.ajuntament.barcelona.cat/jspui/bitstream/11703/112671/1/MAQPakistanesesCatala.pdf
Hadi, A. (2017). Patriarchy and gender-based violence in Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, 10(2), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p297-304 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p297-304
Harper, D. (2002). Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation. Visual Studies,17(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725860220137345 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14725860220137345
Iglesias-Martínez, J., & Estrada, C. (2018). ¿Birds of passage? La integración social de la población refugiada en España. Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo, 7(1), 144–167. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6408255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.279
Jacobsen, C. M., Karlsen, M. A., & Khosravi, S. (Eds.). (2020). Waiting and the temporalities of irregular migration. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351730
Karlsen, M. A. (2021). Waiting out the condition of illegality in Norway. In: C. M. Jacobsen, M. A. Karlsen, & S. Khosravi (Eds.), Waiting and the temporalities of irregular migration (pp. 113–130). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351730-9
Khurshid, A. (2015). Islamic traditions of modernity: Gender, class, and Islam in a transnational women’s education project. Gender & Society, 29(1), 98–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214549193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214549193
Koehler, C. (2017). Continuity of learning for newly arrived refugee children in Europe. NESET II. https://nesetweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Continuity-of-learning-for-newly-arrived-refugee-children-in-Europe.pdf
Kuran, C. H. A., Morsut, C., Kruke, B. I., Krüger, M., Segnestam, L., Orru, K., Naevestad, T. O., Airola, M., Keränen, J., Gabel, F., Hansson, S., & Torpan, S. (2020). Vulnerability and vulnerable groups from an intersectionality perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, Article 101826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101826
La Spina, E. (2021). Migrant vulnerability or asylum seeker/refugee vulnerability? More than complex categories. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 11(6S), 82–115. https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1225
Mackenzie, C., Rogers, W., & Dodds, S. (2014). Introduction: What is vulnerability and why does it matter for moral theory? In W. Rogers, C. Mackenzie, & S. Dodds (Eds.), Vulnerability: New essays in ethics and feminist philosophy (pp. 1–29). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199316649.003.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199316649.001.0001
Mendola, D., Parroco, A. M., & Li Donni, P. (2020). Accounting for interdependent risks in vulnerability assessment of refugees. In A. Pollice, N. Salvati, & F. Schirippa Spagnolo (Eds.), Book of short papers SIS 2020 (pp. 1418–1423). Pearson. https://iris.unipa.it/handle/10447/423304
Mendola, D., & Pera, A. (2021). Vulnerability of refugees: Some reflections on definitions and measurement practices. International Migration, 60(5), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12942 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12942
MISSM-SEM-DGIAH-SGPPI. (2020). Sistema de acogida de Protección Internacional. Manual de gestión. https://extranjeros.inclusion.gob.es/ficheros/subvenciones/area_integracion/proteccion_internacional/proteccion_internacional_2020/Manual_de_Gestion_version_4.1.pdf
Morrice, L., Tip. L. K., Brown, R., & Collyer, M. (2019). Resettled refugee youth and education: Aspiration and reality. Journal of Youth Studies, 23(3), 388–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1612047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1612047
Nunn, C., Gifford, S. M., McMichael, C., & Correa-Velez, I. (2017). Navigating precarious terrains: Reconceptualizing refugee-youth settlement. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 33(2), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.7202/1043062ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1043062ar
Oboler, S., & Callirgos, J. C. (2015). El racismo peruano. Ministerio de Cultura. http://repositorio.cultura.gob.pe/handle/CULTURA/347
O’Higgins, A. (2012). Vulnerability and agency: Beyond an irreconcilable dichotomy for social service providers working with young refugees in the UK. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 136, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20012
Pasetti, F., & Sánchez-Montijano, E. (2018). Sobre los solicitantes y beneficiarios de protección internacional. Informe Nacional para España, NIEM. CIDOB. https://www.cidob.org/ca/publicacions/series_de_publicacio/project_papers/niem/sobre_los_solicitantes_y_beneficiarios_de_proteccion_internacional_informe_nacional_para_espana_niem_2018/(language)/eng-US
Pink, S. (2007). Doing visual ethnography (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857025029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857025029
Scholten, P., & Penninx, R. (2016). The multilevel governance of migration and integration. In B. Garcés-Mascareñas & R. Penninx (Eds.), Integration processes and policies in Europe (pp. 91–108). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21674-4_6
Schultz, J. (2021). An end to asylum? Temporary protection and the erosion of refugee status. In C. M. Jacobsen, M. A. Karlsen, & S. Khosravi (Eds.), Waiting and the temporalities of irregular migration (pp. 170–185). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429351730-13
Suárez-Orozco, M. M., Darbes, T., Dias, S. I., & Sutin, M. (2011). Migrations and schooling. Annual Review of Anthropology, 40, 311–328. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-111009-115928 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-111009-115928
Suso Araico, A., Torres Masón, J., Olmos Sáez, N., & Mamán Schwartz, D. (2020). Percepción de la discriminación por origen racial o étnico por parte de sus potenciales víctimas en 2020. Consejo para la eliminación de la discriminación racial o étnica. https://igualdadynodiscriminacion.igualdad.gob.es/destacados/pdf/08-PERCEPCION_DISCRIMINACION_RACIAL_NAV.pdf
Tierney, K. (2019). Disasters: A sociological approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Vigh, H. (2009). Wayward migration: On imagined futures and technological voids. Ethnos, 74(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840902751220 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840902751220
Vigh, H. (2010). Motion squared: A second look at the concept of social navigation. Anthropological Theory, 9(4), 419–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499609356044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499609356044
United Nations (UN). (2001). Report on the world social situation, social and human rights questions: social development. https://desapublications.un.org/publications/2001-report-world-social-situation-social-and-human-rights-questions-social
Yuval-Davis, N. (2011). The politics of belonging. Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446251041
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Mara Gabrielli 2023
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Les auteurs qui publient dans Refuge conservent le droit d’auteur associé à leur œuvre, et octroient au public une licence Creative Commons Attribution - Utilisation non commerciale 4.0 International. La licence permet l’utilisation, la reproduction et l’adaptation du matériel avec attribution par tous moyens et sous tous formats pour des fins non commerciales. Pour des informations générales sur les licences Creative Commons, visitez le site Creative Commons. Pour la licence CC BY-NC 4.0, consultez le résumé lisible par l'homme.